Creative BioMart is a well-known expert who is committed to incorporating a variety of non-canonical amino acids into proteins to introduce new functions, redesign natural proteins and artificial protein macromolecules. With years of experience, we provide customized services for fluorinated amino acids to precisely meet customer requirements.

Introduction of Fluorinated Amino Acids

Fluorine is one of the most abundant elements on earth, but it is rarely found in biological compounds. Fluorine has recently attracted attention in the design and control of biological macromolecular structures, and the selective incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins has become a powerful tool for elucidating the principles of protein design. In particular, fluorinated amino acids offer new opportunities for designing ultrastable protein folds as well as for directing highly specific protein interactions. Studies have shown that fluorinated amino acids can be incorporated into α-helix and β-sheet structural motifs, often enhancing the stability of proteins to unfolding by thermal and chemical denaturants and delaying their degradation by proteases.

Fig 1. Scheme for the sense codon reassignment and nonsense suppression strategies for evolution of fluorinated proteins. (Biava H, et al., 2014)

Services

With the help of modern protein engineering incorporation techniques, fluorine can be easily introduced into protein structures. Fluorinated amino acids have been widely used to study the folding mechanism of proteins and the activity of biomolecules. As a leading service provider of protein engineering, Creative BioMart has successfully introduced fluorine into amino acids, significantly altering amino acids' hydrophobicity, polarity, and secondary structure propensity. Our engineered fluorinated amino acids can modulate protein folding, proteolytic stability and protein-protein interactions well received by customers worldwide. We provide one-stop service for fluorinated amino acids:

• Incorporation of fluorinated amino acids into protein services: our scientists synthesize fluorinated amino acids through the following techniques:

(1) An auxotroph-based synthesis technique: we used this technique to synthesize o-, m-, and p-fluorophenylalanine, trifluoromethionine, 4-fluoroproline, and trifluoroleucine Acids are synthesized into proteins.
(2) Solid-phase peptide synthesis technology: we use this technology to completely control the protein sequence and amino acid content with high purity.
(3) Nonsense suppression: disruption of protein expression systems by inserting a fluorinated amino acid into a gene codon in response to a stop (or nonsense) codon.

• Biophysical probes based on ¹⁹F NMR services: incorporation of fluorine-containing amino acids into proteins, we can monitor the chemical environment of fluorine-containing residues by ¹⁹F NMR.
• Fluorine-containing materials and protein design services: we introduce a large number of carbon-fluorine bonds in biological macromolecules, and use fluorine-containing amino acids to introduce new properties in de novo peptide design, including enhancing their stability and improving physical and mechanical properties. In addition, our designed fluorinated amino acids are popular in studying protein folding mechanisms and biomolecular activity.

Creative BioMart is committed to expanding the scope of fluorinated amino acids to rational design of structural motifs and protein interfaces, providing applications in protein structure and function analysis. We will work with you to develop the most appropriate strategy and provide the most meaningful data for your research for accelerating the research of life sciences. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us for more information.

References

1. Yoder N C, Kumar K. (2002) Fluorinated amino acids in protein design and engineering[J]. Chemical Society Reviews. 31(6): 335-341.
2. Biava H, Budisa N. (2014) Evolution of fluorinated enzymes: An emerging trend for biocatalyst stabilization[J]. Engineering in Life Sciences. 14 (4): 340-351.

• Protein Engineering Based on Backbone Amides
• Protein Engineering Based on Fluorescent Amino Acids
• Protein Engineering Based on Photoreactive Amino Acids